| acid | gas | insulation | polarity |
| aqueous solution | heat | kinetic energy | protein |
| base | heterogeneous | lipophilic | reversible reaction |
| buffer | homogeneous | lipophobic | solid |
| chemical affinity | hydration shell | liquid | solute |
| chemical reaction | hydrogen bond | molarity | solution |
| cohesion | hydrogen ion | mole | solvent |
| concentration | hydronium ion | molecular mass | specific heat capacity |
| density | hydrophilic | neutral | state change |
| dissociation | hydrophobic | nonionic polar molecule | temperature |
| dissolution | hydroxide ion | pH | water |
| evaporation | ice | polar molecule |